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MEENABHARANI
MAHOTSAVAM OR THE GRADE FESTIVAL
OF MEENABHARANI
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| Garudan Thukam |
The Meenabharani festival is the second great annual festival in the
temple of Sarkara Bhagavathy. This festival often falls on the occasion of the annual
special poojaof Attavishesham. During the period of king Dharma Raja and his success or
Marthanda Varma orders were given for the elaborate conduct of the festival and the
expenses like paddy, incurred for the same were recorded.(Mathilakam Records, churana 937,
ola, 1639, 1750 - 51, kerala State Archives, Trivandrum)
The festival of Meenabharani is celebrated for ten days and it is
believed that on the tenth day the benevolent Goddess appesrs and showers her blessings on
the devotees. The Meenabharani festival generally starts with Kodiyettu (flag hoisting),
nine days before the asterism of Bharani which is considered as the birth star of
Sarkaradevi. It ends on the tenth day with Arat (holy immersion) of the deity in the
temple tank. There are very interesting ceremonies connected with this festival. On all
days recital of the exploits of the Goddess is staged by special teams of people.
On the ninth day an important function is conducted in this temple
known as Pallivetta. It is believed that during this function Sarkaradevi disappears from
the temple and she went for hunting. The Goddess is taken in procession as for hunting
with the accompaniment of five caparisoned elephants and firetorches to the Bhagavathy
palace. Through this hunting she tried to avoid powers of malice and maintain peace and
security in this vicinity. During the earlier period animal sacrifices were conducted
along with this performance. How ever animal sacrifices were avoided during the later
periods. Now this function ends with the return procession of the deity and the cutting of
a coconut with a bow and arrow. (interview with Narayanan namboothirippadu op.cit). after
that the ceremonial Arat of the deity is conducted.
URUL
Urul is another important ceremony connected with Meenabharani
celebrations. It is an occation of ground festivity for the whole region of Sarkara.
During earlier times the Urul (ceremonial rounding of the temple by devotees) was
conducted as an offering by four jenmi families of the four Kara or sarrounding regions of
the temple vicinity. They appointed people who took special vows of penance and fasting
for three days before the actual Urul ceremony.
At present the Urul offering is conducted by twenty - five Karakkar
from the four direction of the temple vicinity. Each Kara has a Kavu or temple as the base
of the Urul celebrations to the Sarkara Temple. People who take vows of the ceremonial
temple - rounding follow strict penance and weat short which dhothi. A special attraction
of the Urul ritual is that all through the function which encompasses five to eight
kilometers of the sarrounding area of the Sarkara Temple, the Urul devotees are
accompanied by Vadyamelam and musical concepts, performed by the most accomplished
Nagaswara (Nagaswaram is also known as Pandivadyam. It is played in connection with the
Urul Mahotsavam.) experts and other veterans of musician rhythm from all over India. Along
with their musical rhythm, varied for dances like Theyyam, Thira, Arjuna dance, Garudar
parava, dance with pots on head (Ammankudam), the beating of bands and the local musical
instrument of chenda which will also be adding color and sound to the ritualistic
procession of Urul.
The auspicious and devotional rituals related to Urul start with the
arrival of the veterans playing Nagaswaram and the folk dances in the Sarkara temple at
four O' clock in the evening. Then they perform, separate seva which is the devotional.
Performance of their art form to placate the goddess. Next is the Uruchuttal or covering
the sarrounding areas in religious procession by the accompany musicians and advancers.
Each fractional group covers their area and reach their particular Kavu or temple of their
Kara.by eleven o' clock at night the ritual of Urul starts from separate temples of the
Karas after the special poojasin their temples clad in single dhotis and garlands. The
devotees who have specialy taken the vows lay on the grounds in complete obeisance and the
cover up of the entire path from the particular temples to the Sarkara Temple rolling on
the ground all the way. The musicians playing their flutes and other instruments,
accompany in decorated lorries with floats of scenes of gods and goddesses on there. The
performing artists of varied folk arts also follow performing their skills. It is a right
great festivity and devotion for the lakhs of devotees who through the area for viewing
the ceremonies.
At 3.30 in the morning the Urul devotees from different direction
rolling through the ground for five to eight kilometers would reach the Sarkara Temple
premises and pay the deity by rolling the Temple seven times. That particular ritual is
Known as Urul Sandhippu (coming together of all the Urul). At this time special poojas are
conducted in the temple which work the climatic of a whole night of devotion, ritual and
festivity.
It is reported in recent years that the number of Urul devotees have
increased so much that the temple premises could not contain all of them and they reached
beyond to the village paths even at the moment of Urul sandhippu. This shows the
increasing faith and hope of the people in such religious ceremonies related to the
Sarkara Temple.
The ceremonies on the tenth-day of the Meenabharani festival mark the
climax of a grand final of an annual feat. The day opened with the typical kerala
religious ritual of Pongal which is solely a women's offering to mother Goddess or to the
sun God. Several women assemble in the temple premises and near by areas bringing with
them mud pots which are often used for Pongal, the required quantity of rice, jaggery
ghee, plantain etc., and firewood and cook the Pongala in the openyard as an offering to
the Sarkaradevi. Every year the number of women devotees for Sarkara Meena- Pongal
increase in numbers.
Thookkam
The grand climax to the annual festival of Meenabharani in the Sarkara
Temple was staged in the highly devotional and self - torturing act of offering the
Thookkam (hook swinging ) on the tenth day which also fell in the asterism of Bharani the
birth star of Devi. So it assumes special significance among the varied rituals in the
Sarkara Temple and attracts devotees in thousands from far and wide.
Thookkam is not a performing art which enterains the audience, but it
attracts a number of spectators. Literally, it means hook swinging and is an act of self -
mortification indulged in by a person is fulfillment of vows made by him to Goddess Kali
in order to propitiate her. The former has to under go strict penance for forty-one days.
During this period he abstains from animal food, intoxicants and worldly pleasures and
visit the temple every morning after bath. His body is also rubbed with oil every morning
in order that it is made ready for the hook. Thus the hook - swinger is prepared in mind
and body to the achieve the perseverance needed in the final act. For the actual
performance a sort of car is made which will rest on two axils with four wheels. A
horizontal beam resting on two vertical supports is set up on this. Together they are
known as Thookkavillu.
The hook which is inserted on the back of the performer is connected to
a ring attached to the beam by means of a strong rope. That part of beam is decorated with
flags, flowers and tender leaves of the coconut tree. He is then raised or hauled up or
lowered by holding a strong rope tied to the bottom of the beam.
Thookkam is divided into two, i.e., Garudan Thookkam (kite swinging)
and Toni Thookkam (boat swinging). Of these Garudan Thookkam is the primary offering in
the Sarkara Temple. There is a legend related to the Thookkam festival. That is, Garudan
Tookkam is celebrated to propitiate a devil or Vethalam. (Vethalam is considered as a
ferocious animal and vehicle of Bhadrakali in the typical Hindu mythological pantheen.).
Vethalam is installed in the southwest corner of the Sarkara Temple. To renew this belief
Thookkavillu stoped for a moment during its swinging rounds in the southwest corner of the
temple.
In the Garudan Thookkamthe performer paints his face green with a red
colored beak resembling that of the kite. In Toni Thookkam thee fake wings and book are
missing. But in both cases the performer carries a sword and shield in hand and flourishes
the same while swinging. Thookkam is also alone in proxy by paid professional who are
engaged by the person who has taken the vow chooralkuthu (the function of choralkuthu is
related to the concept that the blood which oozes from the body of the hook swinger when
the hook of the Thookavillu is inserted to his back is offered to the Vethalam. It
believed that is blood is drunk by Vethalam.) is a function which is related to this
festival.
The people who take the Thookkam should strictly follow celibacy and
live in the temple premises for the last seven days of the forty - one day penance under
strict penance and mediation. They did not allow to eat food in the outside. They followed
seven days fasting. In the first day they rounded the temple seven times. On the last day,
they rounded this temple one thousand and one times.
During the reign of the kings of Travancore when the administration of
the Sarkara Temple was under the direct supervision of the kings, they took keen interest
in conducting the Thookkam. There are royal records which show that the Travancore king
added to the kanikka (money offering) given to the Sarkara Temple during the Thookkam
ceremony. Certain other records in the royal repositories evidence that formerly on the
night of the Thookkam ceremony arrangements were made for the performance of fire-works.
Expenses were met from the royal treasury towards the fielding of the men performing
fireworks. On the Thookkam day the performers collected together in the Bhagavathy palace
early in the morning hours and dressed themselves for the ceremony.
The function starts at seven O' clock in the morning with the
Pandarathookkam which is the special offering of Garudan Thookkam prescribed by the
Devaswom Board itself. After that the Thookkam offering of private persons begins. During
this time money devotees entered the temple ans assisted in supporting the Thookkavillu.
This was done by holding to a strong rope which was tied to the wheels of the cart.
Holding this rope people helped in drawing the beam or villu around the temple once or
thrice. In the minds of the hook-swinger as well as the separators the waves of extreme
devotion ebb during the whole period of Thookkam which is an ordeal on the will power and
perseverance of the swinger.
The Closing Ceremonies.
The closing ceremonies of Meenabharani festival started at nine O'
clock at night with the ceremonial Arat procession of the Devi. After Arat and the return
Procession at three O' clock in the morning, takes place the offering of Valiya-Kanikka
and Kalamezhuthum pattum. Bhadrakalipattu or sing and dance of the Kali is performed in
front of the original granite structure on the northern side of the temple. The song and
dance formed the climax of a ceremony lasting for days. Among the observances connected
with it is the drawing on the floor of a sketch of Kali in varied colors obtained from
vegetables, leaves, rice-flour etc. this is known as Kalamezhuthu. The drawing is followed
by the recital of the melodious in verses the episodes in the life of Bhadrakali along
with steps to suit it by experts from the ponnara family.
It is said that Meenabharani festival is also a festival of the
marchants. During these days the merchants came to the temple from different parts of
South India. It is a blessing and pleasure for both the merchants and the people.
Thus it can be concluded that the meenabharani Mahotsavam in the
Sarkara Bhagavathy Temple is indeed a grand festival Mahotsavam, a synthesis of varied
cultural, religious, devotional, social, economic and artistic strands in the life of the
people of Kerala. It is one of the underlying factors which helps in upkeeping the
continuing traditional values of our culture. |
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